As with many industries, carpet weaving and manufacturing is experiencing a shift towards sustainable production and design as consumers increasingly seek eco-friendly products for their homes. Timber floorboards and polished concrete are well-established as sustainable flooring options, with many using recycled or renewable materials in their creation.
However, if you're after a soft, breathable alternative, carpets or rugs are an excellent choice. Not only are they visually appealing, but they also provide warmth underfoot during colder months and help reduce noise compared to hard flooring options.
In this guide, we'll explore the key factors to consider when purchasing a sustainable rug or carpet, including the materials used in their production and potential chemical additives.
Tip #1: Understanding Synthetic vs. Natural Materials
Carpets and rugs are typically made from either synthetic or natural materials. Synthetic options, such as those made from nylon, polyester, or polypropylene, often require significantly more energy to produce—some studies suggest up to six times more than natural fibers—making them less environmentally friendly. Moreover, synthetic materials are less breathable, which can be a disadvantage for those in warmer climates.
On the other hand, natural fibers like sisal, jute, and wool are renewable, more breathable in hot conditions, and can be cultivated without chemical inputs. Wool, in particular, offers excellent insulation and natural antibacterial properties, making it a smart choice for eco-conscious buyers.
However, the sustainability of wool can vary depending on where it’s sourced. Sheep farming practices differ from country to country, affecting environmental aspects like land and water management, soil degradation, and methane emissions. For the most eco-friendly option, choose wool from regions with strict environmental regulations—such as Australia, which is where we source our high-quality, sustainable wool.
Tip #2: Checking for Chemical Additives
While fibers like wool naturally offer high UV protection and flame resistance, other materials may require chemical treatments during manufacturing. Chemicals are often added to carpets and rugs to combat dust, mold, stains, and insects, as well as to improve fire resistance. If you've ever noticed a strong "chemical" odor in a carpet store, it could be the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from such treatments.
Tip #3: Understanding Synthetic vs. Natural Dyes
When choosing a sustainable carpet or rug, the type of dyes used is another crucial factor. Chemical dyes can negatively impact water resources compared to natural vegetable dyes. You might assume that antique rugs exclusively use natural dyes while modern rugs rely on synthetic options, but that's not always true.
Synthetic dyes have been in use since the mid-19th century, and by the early 20th century, they were common in carpet manufacturing. Rugs made before the 1890s were likely produced with natural dyes, and in recent years, there’s been a revival in natural dyeing techniques among modern carpet makers due to their unique qualities.
In comparison, synthetic dyes often fade more quickly when exposed to light. At Carpet Cellar, we use natural vegetable dyes and wash our wool with herbs like reetha and shikakai, avoiding toxic chemicals. All our yarn is hand-spun, preserving the wool’s natural oils and ensuring fewer broken fibers compared to machine-spun yarn.
Tip #4: Consider Lifespan and Biodegradability
A common drawback of some carpets and rugs is their relatively short lifespan compared to options like wooden floorboards or polished concrete. However, a hand-knotted wool rug can last between 40 to 60 years, much longer than machine-made or tufted options.
Old rugs can be repurposed in various ways, such as car floor mats, sound absorbers in studios, or pet bedding. They can even be buried under topsoil to act as weed barriers. Natural fiber rugs, like wool, will decompose much faster than synthetic ones, which may never fully break down if made from petrochemicals.
Tip #5: Choosing Between a Rug and a Carpet
Another consideration when selecting sustainable flooring is whether to choose a rug or a carpet. Carpets typically require an underlay, which enhances their lifespan, insulation, and noise reduction. However, rubber-backed carpets can emit higher levels of VOCs compared to jute-backed ones, though some PVC backings are made from 100% recycled materials.
Additionally, adhesives used in carpet installation can be toxic, so look for installers who offer non-toxic options. Alternatively, opt for a sustainable rug that doesn’t require underlay or adhesives and can easily be relocated when you redesign your space.